Evolutionary Advantages of Female Cosmetic Surgery
Women are more likely than men to undergo plastic surgery; in 2014, 92% of
cosmetic surgery procedures in the USA were conducted on female patients.
The reason for this discrepancy may be explained by current evolutionary
theoretical and empirical findings which suggest that differences in male mate
preference play a strong role in motivating females to make alterations to their
perceived attractiveness.
Women are more likely than men to undergo plastic surgery; in 2014, 92% of
cosmetic surgery procedures in the USA were conducted on female patients.
The reason for this discrepancy may be explained by current evolutionary
theoretical and empirical findings which suggest that differences in male mate
preference play a strong role in motivating females to make alterations to their
perceived attractiveness.
Whereas the common traits found attractive by women tend to be related to
resources, men universally rate female beauty as more desirable.
In particular, female traits such as youth, fertility and health are deemed most
attractive by men
These traits appear to have evolved as signals to men of a woman’s
fertility.
Evolutionary psychologists propose that men possess perceptual mechanisms which
have evolved to detect these traits as a means of determining whether or not a
woman is a desirable potential mate.
For example, an ideal waist-to-hip ratio (“WHR”) of 0.7, which corresponds
closely to the optimal ratio of health and fertility, is considered to be most
beautiful by modern men because their male ancestors identified that ancestral
women with that proportion produced more healthy offspring than ancestral women
without the proportion.
In this regard, many anatomical features such as breast size and shape, facial
symmetry and WHR are reliable indicators of health and fertility in women and
are signals to males that one female holds a higher reproductive value over
another.
Therefore, a female desiring to promote her reproductive value can manipulate
a male’s evaluation of her by manipulating her anatomical features alone.
For example, photographs of women who had just undergone micro-fat grafting
surgery (in which fat tissue is taken from the waist region and implanted on the
buttocks resulting in a lower WHR) were rated by men as being more attractive
than the same women’s pre-operative photograph.
It is likely that a woman’s decisions to undergo micro-fat grafting surgery are
in part mediated by her intention to signal to possible male mates her
reproductive potential.
That females outnumber men undergoing plastic surgery procedures is
therefore, a reflection of the immense strength of psychological mate
preferences.
Cosmetic plastic surgery may be seen by women as a means of accentuating the
features that are known to be reliable indicators of health and fertility. By
undergoing plastic surgery, these desired and admired features of human female
beauty can be permanently acquired by women who otherwise would not have access
to these signals.
It is no surprise then, that the most common cosmetic surgery procedures for
females include liposuction and breast augmentations
in attempts to correct asymmetries and exaggerate traits that are considered to
be indicators of health and fertility.
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